What is the function of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

What is the function of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

• A. To protect the cell membrane
• B. To synthesize proteins from mRNA
• C. To generate ATP from glucose
• D. To store genetic material

Answer: (B)

Ribosomes play a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis within eukaryotic cells. They are the cellular machinery that translates messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins. This process, known as translation, is a fundamental aspect of gene expression, enabling the cell to produce the proteins necessary for various functions including structure, enzyme activity, signaling, and regulation. During translation, ribosomes read the sequence of codons in the mRNA and facilitate the binding of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, which carry specific amino acids. As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, it links the amino acids together in the order specified by the mRNA sequence, ultimately forming a complete protein. Understanding that ribosomes are central to this process highlights their importance in biological systems, as proteins are essential for virtually all cellular processes. This distinction firmly supports the correctness of the highlighted answer regarding ribosomes’ function in eukaryotic cells.

Ribosomes play a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis within eukaryotic cells. They are the cellular machinery that translates messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins. This process, known as translation, is a fundamental aspect of gene expression, enabling the cell to produce the proteins necessary for various functions including structure, enzyme activity, signaling, and regulation.

During translation, ribosomes read the sequence of codons in the mRNA and facilitate the binding of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, which carry specific amino acids. As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, it links the amino acids together in the order specified by the mRNA sequence, ultimately forming a complete protein.

Understanding that ribosomes are central to this process highlights their importance in biological systems, as proteins are essential for virtually all cellular processes. This distinction firmly supports the correctness of the highlighted answer regarding ribosomes’ function in eukaryotic cells.